Steven L Smith De Montfort University Play (23min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

Starting in 1978 until culmination in research with the Spatial Imaging group at MIT in 2004, a Personal Holography Journey details Artistic and Commercial work produced by Steven L. Smith. In the Late 1970’s, advances in holographic films and processing techniques made possible a second wave of artistic and commercial holography. These techniques leveraged the start of the professional holographic imaging studio, The Lasersmith Inc. In house research advanced holographic imaging into new areas of commercial and artistic development. Starting with controlled color reflection holograms, (Pseudo-Color reflection technique), the development of a real time capture system for embossed stereograms and finishing with research that realized a full color full parallax holographic printer at MIT, this paper details aspects of each of the critical technologies that were developed and commercialized along the way. 

Hsu Dahsiung Beijing Tsinghua University Play (25min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

A permanent hologram exhibition had been built in Beijing University of Posts & Telecomm since 2005. More than 4,000 university students & visitors visited. The selected holo-grams were collected since 1985 from US/UK/Lithuania/Russia/France & China. A brief review will be given in this paper. 

Pearl John University of Southampton Play (16min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

Learning to make holograms underpins the University of Southampton’s Foundation Photonics course. The Foundation year enables students to develop the skills necessary to gain access to a University degree in Engineering or Physics. The week-long Photonics course utilizes a problem-based learning approach and aims to boost student motivation and increase the Foundation course student retention rate. It is anticipated that by 2010 the number of students taking part in the Photonics course will have almost tripled since it was piloted in 2005. This paper reports on the development of the course, outlining some of the challenges and opportunities associated with educating a diverse student body and managing large numbers of students making holograms 

Tung H. Jeong Lake Forest College, USA Play (9min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

We here define an “omnigram” as a hologram which is both a transmission and a reflection hologram recorded at the same time on a single recording medium. Using silver halide emulsion, a high quality omnigram can be created by a beginning student in less than three minutes from exposure through the complete chemical processing. Because of its simplicity and high yield, making an omnigram in front of a live audience at the beginning of a lecture-demonstration is routine. It can be a home project on a kitchen counter or on a sandy beach at night, using the moon as “safe” light. A modified Abramson plate holder(1) is used for real time interferometry. A diode laser operating at 660 nm with an output under 5 mW is used with a modified chemical regime previously developed for student usage(2). Keywords: educational holograms, home holography, pedagogy, making holograms.teaching holography 

William R. Alschuler California Institute of the Arts, USA Play (21min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

How can you almost guarantee successful student images in classes with limited space, limited time and limited budgets? Straightforward techniques for table construction are described and compared, as well as photochemistry picks and lab layouts, along with reasons for their choices. Keywords: guarantee student success, lightweight stable tables, non-resonant, safe photochemistry

Mary Harman Visual Artist Play (20min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

A Case for the Holographic Object Mary Harman Montreal, Canada ABSTRACT Keywords: hologram, art object, contemporary painting The reconstructed holographic object embodies both the physical reality of the original and its altered, transcendent state; in effect, it is simultaneously the real and the abstract, the body and the soul. When the artist combines the hologram with other elements, creating multiple realms and dimensions, the viewer can glimpse the possibility of a larger, more encompassing reality. This is, perhaps, the experience of Art. The author surveys her own work, beginning with early attempts to simulate three-dimensionality and explore the interfaces between two and three dimensions. Prior to her work in holography, she created trompe l’oeil painted constructions and “vitrines,” windowed boxes that contained objects and layered transparencies. She will discuss her recent paintings and installations in which she continues to use representational images, familiar objects whose allusive nature readily connects to the viewer’s own memory and reality. Through metaphor and symbol, the simple holographic object aids in the exploration of illusion, what is real and what is false, what is permanent about life and what dies. 

Martin Richardson De Montfort University, Leicester Play (16min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

On the evening of 13th March 2008, between the hours of 6:00pm and 2:00am, five reflection holograms were recorded of John Harrison’s fourth timekeeper ‘H4’, at the Royal Observatory, National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, London. Arguably the most important timekeeper ever made this watch finally solved one of the greatest scientific problems of its time, that of finding Longitude and marked the beginning of accurate global positioning. In recent years public awareness of the watch has witnessed an unprecedented level of popularity, together with a string of authoritative writings including the release of Dava Sobels book, ‘Longitude’, with introduction by NASA astronaut Neil Armstrong, a filmed drama adaptation and even a television sitcom ‘Only Fools and Horses’ where viewing figures reached a record twenty-four million. The watch, its history and its place in history, remain subject of fascination and curiosity. Now its journey to hologram is traced in this paper through the events of that March evening.

Jacques Desbiens Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Play (27min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

By blending holographic imaging and 3D computer graphics, synthetic holography offers new possibilities in visual effects and image composition, some of which are impossible to conceive with any other medium. The multiple points of view and the ability to display content linked to the positions and movements of the observer makes synthetic holography a medium for which there is a whole new pictorial language to develop. This paper describes a series of experiments that shows the particularities of synthetic holography and deduces a few principles in image composition for computer generated holograms. In synthetic holograms, many image composition elements operate in a singular manner. The reversibility, decentralisation, simultaneity and synchronisation of content, the variability of alignments, the relationship between volumes and void, depth clarity and the spatial zones, temporal incoherence and the effects of time-smear, are all linked to the structure of the hologram and the movements of the observers. The optical characteristics of synthetic holograms have an impact on content choices. By understanding the elements of composition, the structure of multiple viewpoints perspective and the dynamics of observation in movements, the holographic artist can compose images that may lead spatial representation into new territories.

Martina Mrongovius RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia Play (13min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

This paper describes my practice of installing holograms in unusual spaces. From this work I look at how viewer movement can be activated by the holographic image and the role that this plays in reading that image. The holographic images I create are multiplexed either with hand cut stencils or stereographic printing systems. The imagery captures experiences, relationships to unusual architecture and postcard like messages. The image space is restructured through the capturing, digital composition and multiplexing processes. Space takes on a poetic form, hinged by internal relationships as well as having symmetries to the viewing space. My project based research with design tools, image composition and installation is part of my PhD on holographic image design at the Spatial Information Architecture Laboratory, (RMIT University). By analysing my project work, this paper investigates the potentials of holograms to fold and unfold the space of experience. 

Ya-Ling Huang Ming-Chun Tsai Kun Shan University, Taiwan Play (10min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

This thesis presents a record of photographs taken of the more than 400 years old Anping Mazu Temple in Tainan as part of a joint project undertaken in March 2009 by the Hologram 3D Image Laboratory at Kun Shan University and Professor Richardson from De Montfort University in the United Kingdom. The focus of this work was to determine how best to combine a center of historical value and religious importance with advanced technology. Another important factor in the “photographic” process was the “human” element working together to showcase historical value. This project also marks the creation of new opportunities for the development of cultural creative industry. Key Words: Hologram 3D image, Cultural creative industry, Anping Mazu Temple 

Ana Maria Nicholson Center for the Holographic Arts, NY, USA Play (28min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

In my talk I will cover my involvement with holography and the wonderful, interesting people who have shared with me this holographic adventure. I will start with our fortuitous meeting with Lloyd Cross in a SoHo street in the early 70’s then to the co-founding of the Center for Experimental Holography under the umbrella of the Smithsonian Institute. I will also cover our stay at the University of Hawaii and my first exhibition of portraits, ” Children of Hawaii”, our return to New York and my work at Holographics, Inc, I will continue with my experiences at the Museum of Holography where our Portrait Studio was located, and my seminal meeting and subsequent close friendship with the late Rudie Berkhout. Lastly, I will cover the founding of the Center for the Holographic Arts with the late Dan Schweitzer and my directorship of the Holocenter for the past eleven years. The Artist in Residence Program was the heart of the Center where more than eighty artists created works of art that have been shown all over the world. Keywords: Holography, Art Holography, Ana Maria Nicholson, Holocenter, Center for the Holographic Arts.

Melissa Crenshaw Canada Play (29min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

The language of art describes the palette of techniques used for the expression of content. These techniques offer layers of creative possibilities for analog, digital and emerging hybrid formats for holographic artistic expression. This paper describes the creative techniques used in my analog holographic art. It is presented as it evolved, within a historical context. The limitations and opportunities of studio time, recording materials and processing regimes are discussed as elements which are relevant to the evolution of these holograms. Early techniques associated with “hands on” holography are described and the relation to content is explored. Visual or formal language serves as a vehicle or guide post for passing along information and options to artists. As the separation of the origination of content ,and the final production or printing of the hologram evolves, many creative options may be lost to a new generation of artists. It is important to identify and archive the myriad of creative options available, and define and archive the language used to describe these options.

Prof. Dieter Jung Academy of Media Arts Cologne ,Germany Play (51min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

The artist applies natural light and laser beams as his paints; prisms, glass and screens as expended canvas. With varying unusual materials, combinations of wide-ranging technologies and interwoven structures he builds a Garden of Light, illuminated with colors lighter than air, flying colors. Into this modified space the artist invites the viewer to experience a visual journey into the enigmatic maze of art / science / technology and hence to another reality, hovering behind light and shadow. Three projects will be reviewed: 1. Unvisible–Visible, 2008, Solo exhibition, Today Art Museum, Beijing. 2. Looking Forward, 2007, Beijing. Solo exhibitions at The Beijing Imperial City Art Museum and A-Space. 3. Continuum, HoloMobile-2008, Installation, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei. Keywords: HoloMobile, MultiMedia Holography, LightArt 

Ray Park Kwangwoon University, South Korea Play (22min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

This paper introduces the work ‘the color of light‘ or ‘the painting of light’ by rainbow control which uses rainbow holograms. Usually paintings are made with colored paints and they are seen with light. However we cannot experience the true colors of light. The artist paints rainbow holograms on the film directly as in real painting, creating a variety of colors like dyes. Rainbow holograms have red, green, and blue light which can be mixed to create additional colors. The artist paints, with light, on the film directly, making rainbow holograms. This is done instead of making a hologram of an existing work, so the work is more vivid and immediate. The process makes forms like paintings and adds colors on them. There was an exhibition, titled ‘Reinterpretation of spectrum’, in Seoul Korea from December 26, 2008 to January 17, 2009 showing these works. In addition there was a holography workshop. This paper introduces rainbow holograms, how to mix colors of light using rainbow control, and the set-up for making small and large holographic paintings. KeywordS: Rainbow hologram, Rainbow colors, Painting

Paula Dawson University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Play (32min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

It is well known that in order to reconstruct a holographic image with spatial accuracy it is necessary to reply the hologram from the same distance, angle and use same wavelength in which the hologram was recorded, however sometimes this is not desirable. Features such as the unavoidable blurring caused by the spectral smearing of white light the further it travels from the hologram film plane and the change in size of adjacent image elements when reconstructed in various parts of the replay white light’s spectrum can all contribute as positive elements of an artistic composition. Similarly the reconstruction of white light holograms with replay sources which include a high proportion of wavelengths which do not match the original laser wavelengths and laser transmission holograms played back in one or multiple wavelengths differing from their original recording wavelength, which thereby introduce a high level of noise, can also provide interesting effects. This paper investigates these ideas though looking at examples of recent art works by Paula Dawson which exploit the visual properties which arise from chromatic aberration, blur and spatial distortion eg. ANN rainbow stereogram from computer graphics, Luminous Presence, reflection Synfography and A Hologram [for Mr Spielberg] optical laser transmission. 

Setsuko Ishii Independent artist,Tokyo, Japan Play (24min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

Installation with sunlight and holography, as environmental art, is presented. I exhibited the out door installation with holography at Villa dei Quintili where is located in the remains of ancient Roma in 2007. My first outdoor artworks involving hologram was created in 1979. In the white light reconstruction hologram, a direct sunbeam is the ideal reconstructing light source. In sunny weather, a hologram reconstructs bright images, irrespective of the brightness during the day. On the other hand, during cloudy or rainy weather, there is no image because scattered light does not reconstruct the image. Sunlight opens a hologram from darkroom and artificial illumination. The out door works with holography involved sunlight changes in response to the influence of the weather and time. Such work that changes in response to environment surrounding a work, natural environment and especially the sunlight, presents a completely new concept to environmental art field. In this paper, I describe several practice of installation with sunlight and holography that I had done until now.

Isabel Azevedo and Rosa Maria Oliveira Play (11min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

The technical qualities of the laser have been used by many artists in holography as well as in other artistic projects. The basic holographic interactivity inherent to this technology can be amplified and diversified by the presentation in installations that use a pre-established system of controlling the light, or reacting to the observer’s presence and movements. The holographic installation adds or emphasises other factors like time to the holographic images. The global work of art can only be perceived by an interactive relationship between the observer and the work. The use of new technologies in visual arts brings a new way of understanding shape relationships, a new form of perceiving and appreciating the configurations that present themselves to our perceptive organization. Key words: visual arts, senses, perceptive organization, shape relationships, configurations, images, installations.

Dr. David Pizzanelli pizzanelli.co.uk Play (25min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

This paper details the process used commercially for several years to make embossed holograms using silver halide emulsion plates as surface-relief masters. The principal benefit of using silver-halide materials, rather than photo-resist plates, is the speed of the emulsions, as they require just a few seconds of exposure, rather than several minutes. The second benefit of using silver-halide materials is their sensitivity to laser wavelengths in the visible spectrum, rather than the near-UV end of the spectrum, as is required for photo-resist plates. The sensitivity of silver-halide materials to red light means that relatively inexpensive Helium-Neon lasers may be used to make the holograms. The process would be ideal for artists who want to make a limited edition of their holograms as nickel shims, or larger editions where the hologram is embossed into plastic materials. Keywords: Embossed Hologram, Silver-halide Hologram, Holographic Artist, Limited Edition Hologram.

David Warren Australian artist Play (35min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

This paper will discuss my method of producing large scale art holograms using multi-aperture cameras and purpose built film processing frames. In 2007 such a camera and frame enabled the successful exposure and processing of a single roll of film containing thirty pulse portraits and measuring 900×36cm, made at the Holographic Center for the Arts, New York. This hologram was recently exhibited and visuals will be presented of it along with others that display my ventures into digital holography using digital stereograms made at Holographics North and new mobile video i.lumograms from Geola as multi-media artworks. Finally, this paper will discuss my progress in the production of digital holograms using laser diodes and an LCD to transfer computer generated imagery using Poser 7 and HD video. My current themes associated with these holographic artworks include contemporary communication methods of mobile phones and social networking sites.

Prof. Hans Bjelkhagen Centre for Modern Optics, OpTIC Play (42min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

The state-of-the-art of color holography is presented. The laser wavelength selection issue is discussed showing that more than three wavelengths are needed for accurate color rendition in holograms. Both analog, mainly Denisyuk color holograms, and digitally printed color holograms are described and their recent improvements. The recording material is one of the most important factors for creating high-quality color holograms. Covered are the demands on the material for recording color holograms. There are a few commercial silver-halide materials that are suitable for color holography, for example, the new Russian Sphere-S material. Non-commercial materials, such as the SilverCross emulsion and materials from other sources are described. An alternative to silver-halide materials are the panchromatic photopolymer materials such as the DuPont material that has existed for a long time. However the DuPont material is not really possible to order unless you are an approved customer. Therefore there is a lot of interest in the new photopolymer materials. Presented here are the new Dai Nippon materials and, the soon to be introduced on the market, the new polymer from Bayer are described. The photopolymer materials are in particular suitable for mass production of color holograms. The future of color holography is highly dependent on the availability of improved panchromatic recording materials both silver halide and photopolymers. The light sources are also very important for displaying color holograms. The new small Solarc NGX arc lamps from WelchAllyn are described. They show improved image quality over today’s commonly used halogen lights. In addition small laser diodes as well as powerful white LEDs and OLEDs are candidates for color hologram illumination. 

Michiharu Yamamoto Nitto Denko Technical Corporation Play (20min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

Michiharu Yamamoto, W. Lin, T. Gu, D. Flores, P.Wang, Savas Tay, P.-A. Blanche, R. Voorakaranam, R. A. Norwood, & N. Peyghambarian
Nitto Denko Technical Corporation, 501 Via Del Monte, Oceanside, CA, 92058, USA Univ. of Arizona, Optical Science Center, 1630 East University Blvd., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA

The hologram approach can hold 3-D images recorded on mediums and are used in applications such as “counterfeit-proofing” of credit cards and banknotes. Conventional holographic recording materials, such as gelatin and silver halide, are non-rewriteable. Therefore, once the holograms have been recorded, they are not allowed to overwrite or rewrite continuous dynamic images on the same mediums. Photorefractive material and approach are superior by virtue of not only their rewritable characteristics but also the diffraction efficiency at high level as well as the excellent writing speed. However, not many materials and systems are not available and known for practical applications, so far. Unlike previous photorefractive materials, we developed new type of photorefractive material, in which images once recorded could be retained for a long time, while maintaining the high image brightness and fast writing speed. Since the image persistency can be retained up to several hours, the recorded images can now be adequately viewed over a long period. Since the image can form patterns which are subtly different by viewing from different angles, human eyes would perceive the patterns in total as three-dimensional images. The size of the hologram display is larger than the previously reported size, at 15 cm x 15 cm, which is the largest reported for a photorefractive material-based sample with good homogeneously and defect-free. We are currently working on larger size display fabrication and envision A4 size devices within a year. We hope to achieve color holograms by angular multiplexing of several holograms that can be readout by different color reading sources. Foreseeing various holographic applications for the photorefractive material developed this time, we plans to actively promote the development of various devices going forward for 3D visualization application areas such as medical imaging, industrial CAD-CAM design, and security devices. Keywords:Organic photorefractive material, Updatable, Large area, 

V. Sainov DIT, Dublin, Ireland Play (24min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

V. Sainov, E. Stoykova, B. Ivanov, M. Chakrapani, V.Toal, T. Petrova
Central Laboratory of Optical Storage and Processing of Information to Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and Centre for Industrial and Engineering Optics (IEO), DIT, Dublin, Ireland

The presented work summarizes the recently obtained results in development of ultra-fine grain panchromatic silver-halide emulsion for recording of RGB reflection holograms. The average grain size of the emulsion is about 10 nm which ensures its high resolution, diffraction efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio in a large dynamic range. For the needs of multicolor recording we used two suitable sensitizers for the red (maximum absorption at 632.8 nm) and for the green (maximum absorption at 532 nm) spectral regions; we relied on natural sensitivity of emulsion for recording in blue (400-442 nm). First, we studied exposure dependence of diffraction efficiency in successive RGB recording on a single plate starting from the shortest to the longest wavelength and vice versa. Second, simultaneous recording was realized at two wavelengths:red and green and green and blue. Chemical processing of the exposed plates included three steps: i) development with SM6 to form amplitude modulation of holographic recording; ii) bleaching by Slavich PBU-Amidol composition; iii) swelling of holograms with a water solution of collagen-hydrolysate to satisfy Bragg condition for reconstruction with the wavelengths of recording. To have a satisfactory output from the last step we made spectral measurement at illumination with white light at the angle of recording at different exposures and concentrations of the swelling solution. We obtained with a good repeatability that the Bragg condition for reconstruction in the case of simultaneous red and green recording is achieved at the same concentration of the swelling agent whereas for the deep blue (442 nm) recording this concentration is almost twice higher. This was the reason to implement the so called “sandwich” structure consisting of two single plates – one for blue recording and the other-for red and green. Thus we obtained high values of diffraction efficiency of the resulting hologram with a satisfactory color mixing. In addition, a LED light source with controllable intensity of emission in red, green and blue spectral regions was applied to study improvement of the color balance in reconstruction of reflection (Denisyuk type) holograms. 

Chakrapani Meka DIT, Dublin, Ireland Play (11min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

Chakrapani Meka*, Raghavendra Jallapuram, Izabela Nayedenova, Suzanne Martin, Vincent Toal
Centre for Industrial and Engineering Optics, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland

Preliminary results of full colour reflection holograms recorded in an acrylamide based photopolymer layer at 633nm, 532nm, and 473nm are presented. Recording material is sensitised to three recording primary wavelengths. Reflection holograms are recorded using a combined single beam of RGB wavelengths, are spectrally characterised and compared with the recording wavelengths using chromaticity diagram. An object of additive colour diagram was recorded. The shrinkage effect of this recording material on reconstructed wavelengths is also discussed. Keywords: self-developing process, single beam Denisyuk method, CIE chromaticity diagram, Primary wavelengths.

Jeff Blyth University of Cambridge, UK Play (26min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

The author has been researching methods to produce a practical water-based photopolymer hologram recording system under red or green laser light. The remarkable ability of the dye methylene blue (MB) to fade to its colourless form under red light in the presence tertiary amines has been known for many decades. The author discovered during the 1980’s that this process could be much enhanced my incorporating the dye into a hydrophilic polymer that did not contain amine or amido groups ( as for example occur in gelatine and polyacrylamide), and also by including two tertiary amines with opposite charges. The author has now recently discovered how to use this system with a specific difunctional monomer mixed with polyvinyl alcohol, it has proved possible to make a coated glass sheet to record remarkably bright Denisyuk holograms for classroom demos with 633nm light with power as low as 7 mj/cm² using nothing more than light and water as a post exposure treatment.

Click here to download “Materials and Methods” document.

Jianhua Zhu Sichuan university, China Play (14min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

Three-dimensional color holographic display has important applications in visual representation of artworks, industrial products, museum items, medical images, etc., and has been always a long and diligent research goal for holographers and researchers. Through Slavich fine-grain silver-halide emulsion and Du Pont photopolymers have been successfully developed for color hologram recording, the research results of color holography based on dichromated gelatin material are still very limited. In this paper, we will summarize our recent results of color holographic display based on single-layer monochromatic and panchromatic dichromated gelatin materials. Firstly, based on the red sensitive methylene-blue sensitized DCG material, a new method is developed for the wide-range quantitative adjustment of the playback wavelength of Lippmann holograms. The main feature of this technique is homogenuously introducing a water-soluble organic reagent acrylamide into photosensitive layer as preswelling reagent and wavelegth adjuster, during the exposure process acrylamide will not react with other active reagents in DCG layer, but it will completely dissolve into water during the development process, this will result in an uniform shrink throughout the thickness of the photosensitive layer, and lead to the image reconstructed at shorter wavelength after the conventional dehydration process in isopropyl alcohol. By changing the concentration of preswelling reagent in the photosensitive layer, the final playback wavelength can be adjusted widely and quantitatively from red to green, and blue, almost covering all the visible spectral range. The quantitative investigations to derive the relationship between the wavelength shift and the concentration of preswelling reagent are reported in this paper. Secondly, by employing new types of multi-color photo-sensitizers and photochemical promoters to conventional photo-crosslinking DCG system, a high-quality single-layer panchromatic DCG material is achieved successfully in our laboratory. Its holographic recording characteristics such as spectral response, photosensitivity of three primary colors, angular and spectral selectivity of volume holograms are studied in detail. Summarily it has high diffraction efficiency (up to 85%), high spatial resolution (up to 5000 lines/mm), high photosensitivity (up to 20 mJ/cm2) for three-primary-color laser lines. Three-dimensional true-color reflection holograms with high color saturation and brightness are recorded successfully at the exposure level of 30 mJ/cm2 by using red, green and blue lasers. Some preliminary results of wavelength and angle multiplexed holographic storage using this material will also be given. We believe that it can be a new and good candidate for the practical applications such as true-color holographic display, wavelength multiplexing holographic storage, as well as holographic optical elements.

Po-Lin Chen National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan Play (14min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

Photopolymers have been applied in different applications on holographic recording. The advantages of this material are easy to synthesize, high refractive index change and high sensitivity. For volume holograms recorded with thick materials, good optical quality and dimensional stability of the recording material are the most stringent requirements. Recently, a novel technique for fabricating bulk phenanthrenequinone-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PQ:PMMA) photopolymers with thickness of ~cm has been developed in our laboratory1. According to our investigations, the physical mechanism of holographic recording in our PQ:PMMA can be summarized as follows2: in the bright region of an interference pattern, the quinone double bond on the carbonyl functional group of a PQ molecule is excited to react with the carbonic double bond on the vinyl group of a residual MMA molecule in the PMMA matrix to form a new compound. This compound is less conjugated than the original molecular structure, and thus the refractive index of the material is changed locally. In other words, the attachment of a PQ molecule and a MMA molecule plays a key role. Nevertheless, this compound is a relatively small molecule and because of the concentration difference between the two regions in the polymer matrix, it may diffuse from the bright to the dark region. Thus, the modulation of the refractive index degraded gradually as time goes. Further, after recording, the residual PQ molecules that are unexposed in the dark region will react to light illumination during the reconstruction stage. Then, photo-induced attachment of the PQ molecule with the MMA molecule will occur accordingly. As a result, the refractive index modulation between the dark and bright regions of the original interference pattern will be reduced further, and the hologram behaves as unfixed. Therefore, the long-term stability, or, fixing of holograms in PQ-PMMA photopolymers is an important issue for applications. In this paper, we present the principle and experimental results for improving long-term stability of holograms in PQ-PMMA photopolymers. In this method, in addition to MMA, another monomer with multi-acrylate groups is added during the material fabrication stage. These new monomer molecules can be incorporated with the long-chain of PMMA polymer in a way to form co-polymer matrix with a pendent carbonic double bond of the vinyl group. As a result, the photo-induced attachment of PQ molecules can occur not only with the residual monomers but also with the copolymer matrix. Since the copolymer matrix can not diffuse at room temperatures or slightly higher, thus long-term stability of the hologram will be anticipated. In the meantime during the reconstruction stage, the PQ molecules will diffuse from dark to bright region and distribute uniformly in the sample, the photo-induced reaction between this molecule and the residual molecules will occur until all PQ molecules in the material are photo-chemically exhausted so that no more photoreaction occurs. Then, the hologram can remain stable under light illumination, thus it can be fixed. In this study, the trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), which has three acrylate groups, has been added to fabricate copolymer samples. Experimental results show that when the ratio of TMPTA to MMA is 2:3, the hologram recorded in co-polymer sample remains stable during the reconstruction. The fabrication and characterization of the new PQ doped poly(methyl methacrylate-co- trimethylolpropane triacrylate) photopolymer will be described in this presentation. 

Bing-Chu Chen Zhongshan university, Guangzhou, China Play (15min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

In this paper we use model-based 3D reconstruction to get the real life 3D scene information through the traditional photos. A novel approach called modified integral imaging is present. The 3D data is encoded to 2D data by the algorithm of integral imaging. The coded 2D information is stored on the holographic plate by matrix holographic lithography. The reconstruction scenes exhibit large depth-of-field and have wide viewing-angle. It’s easy to duplicate the 3D scene using regular equipment. There are many applications such as holographic packaging and 3D logo using this technology.

Frank C. Fan AFC Technology Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, China Play (40min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

Fourier Transform is well known the fundamental theory for information processing. It has been successfully adopted in the whole IT industries respectively with 1D for signal communication, 2D for image processing, and 3D for color recognition. In this paper, we propose to make four dimensional Fourier Transform of wave function (or the probability amplitude) f(x, y, z, t) of the quantized energy probability distribution I(x, y, z, t) of this nature to bring up a new description of light with its two kinds of spectra— temporal spectrum and spatial spectrum. We shall expand the concept of spatial frequency in nowadays imaging system as the spatial spectrum owned by the nature itself while the reconstruction of a complicated wavefront (i.e. both amplitude and phase ) in holography into the recovering of spatial and temporal spectra of the nature itself. Real time holographic display for holographic video is also demonstrated as the application of this theory.

Kaifeng Liu Anhui university, Anhui, China Play (17min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

In theory ,the diffraction efficiencies of kinoforms that have properly graded surface relief gratings can reach 100%.When the amplitude of object function are known and its phase are unknown , an iterative Fourier transform process of error-reduction algorithm is usually adopted to retrieval its phase spectrum. When the amplitude of result is a constant, it is so called kinoform type or phase-only hologram. The phase spectrum reserves not only phase information but also amplitude information of original object function. In this paper, a specific fractional Fourier transform for Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) is presented instead of Fourier transform and the typical constrain of the error-reduction. There are several advantages of the proposed method. Firstly, a fast simulated algorithm of fractional Fourier transform based on FFT are used to more flexible express the propagation of optical wavefields and improve convergence speed in iterative process . Based on the flexible expression for the propagation, a fast shifted Fresnel or fraunhofer transform can be used in a uniform equation to develop a tiling approach to hologram construction and reconstruction, which computes the propagation of different distances between parallel planes having different resolutions. Secondly, a combinational optimal constrains for DMD is used; they include of the microstructure of the element, Phase Modulation Properties and switched blazed grating Properties.The binary coding and the results of numerical and optical experiments are presented the results given is improved obviously in image quality and diffraction efficiency. Keywords: Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing, Ministry of Education , Anhui University, Hefei , Anhui 230039, China 

Zhu Nan Beijing Institute of Technology, China Play (13min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

Real-time and dynamic display of digital hologram based on spatial light modulator is achieved by analytical solution, and the analytical formulae for determining the optical phase on the hologram plane are deduced. The experimental result is presented, and it is shown that the real-time and dynamic display of digital hologram can be realized successfully. The noise of optical image is analyzed in this paper. 

Michael K. Finegan Creative Engineering, NYC, USA Play (16min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

Keywords: holography, digital holography, laser, pulse-laser, stereogram It is desired to create holographic images of outdoor scenes, both still life and figure. Target applications are both artistic and scientific. Pulse laser holography allows for the capture of outdoor scenes, for a restricted field of view determined by coherence length and power output. It has been applied specifically to human and animal portraits, but not extended natural scenes. It has typically been limited to monochrome information. Stereograms (and kinetic holograms) allow for film frames to be stored in a full color hologram [1], with each frame mapped to a portion of the angular field of view. For a stereogram, the intent is to simulate the three dimensional nature of what was filmed. This mapping is typically along one view axis only, providing horizontal parallax but not vertical parallax. A camera array (similar to what commercial motion picture studios now have) could be used to digitize in full parallax, but this has not yet been linked to digital holography. This approach does not capture the complete light field but rather a plane of viewpoints at a fixed distance from the subject. Examples will be given where this fails to provide adequate reconstruction. Digital holography from a computer model can provide the same result without the complex exposure geometries [2] and reconstructing the entire light field – but requires the outdoor scene to be digitized in 3D. Commercially available three dimensional color digitizers exist, but have practical restrictions regarding field of view, depth and resolution. In each example, digital data has to be created, manipulated and then rendered in full color for all three dimensions. In both cases, the effective geometry of the film capture has to correspond exactly to the geometry of the holographic rendering. While full parallax stereograms are possible, they are only just appearing [3]. Geometries, camera configurations and issues will be discussed both for natural and artificial 3D input to digital stereograms. Finally, a novel method is presented that allows natural light holography of outdoor scenes with unconstrained field of view or depth. The method relies on a conversion of incoherent natural light to coherent laser light using available optical components. This approach is contrasted with existing holographic techniques. A new optical component (similar to DLP micro-mirror components) would be required for this approach. A system architecture and component level design will be presented. Examples of digital stereograms of natural scenes and the corresponding capture geometries will also be discussed. One application of outdoor natural light holography that intrigues me is to save your favorite landscapes and present them in a faux window. In a futuristic world maybe ‘wallpaper’ can be digital holography of natural scenes. References Benton, S. A., “Survey of holographic stereograms”, Proceedings of the SPIE, Vol. 367, 1982, pp.15-19. Klug, M. A., Klein, A., Plesniak, W., Kropp, A., Chen, B. “Optics for full-parallax holographic stereograms”, Proceedings of the SPIE, Vol. 3011, 1997, pp. 78-88 Gentet, Yves, “Beau Dieu”,
http://www.3dholoprint.com/en/hologramme_museographie_en.html 

Shiye Yi, Hui Wang Zhejiang Normal University, China Play (14min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

A novel method for computer-generated rainbow hologram of full-color objects is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a new algorithm for fabricating full-color computer-generated rainbow hologram (CGRH) of real-existing objects is proposed based on the interrelationship between coding of CGRH and reconstruction of hologram. Secondly, a color rainbow hologram for real-existing object is generated by combining the proposed algorithm and computer-generated holograms (CGHS) generating system. Finally, the hologram is output by an auto-microfilming system. The principle of the algorithm, process of hologram calculation, hologram generating system for real-existing objects and experimental results are presented. The experimental results demonstrate the new method is feasible. a

Stanislovas Zacharovas Geola uab Play (34min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

In the article are described the latest Geola’s inventions rising the digital holography development to a new level, which allows mass-manufacture of large size digital holograms – i-Lumograms, as well as manufacture of colour reflection holograms for security applications. All that became possible by developing a full range of necessary holographic machinery that includes digital laserless life scenes imaging equipments, digital holographic printers and copying machines where our new copying method is implemented. Described printing and copying machinery works with pulsed colour lasers. All Geola machinery exists as working laboratory equipment and is used by us for continuous digital holograms printing. Image creation, hologram printing and copying processes can, and usually are, completely separated geographically. Colour reflection holograms usage as auto-stereoscopic projection displays for 3D gaming and home cinema applications is described, as well as digital holograms manufacture using mobile phone as a holographic imaging devise.

Jianhua Zhu Sichuan university, China Play (14min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

Digital holography uses CCD camera to replace conventional photographic plates for holographic recording, it features quick digital recording, high precision and reliability, no wet chemical processing, etc. Using Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) and liquid crystal display (LCD) as spatial light modulator (SLM) to dynamically display digital holograms and computer-generated holograms (CGHs) for three-dimensional holographic display could form the basis of future holographic TV and movie concepts, but due to the low spatial resolution of CCD and SLM, the optically reconstructed image of digital off-axis hologram captured by CCD and displayed on SLM has very small diffraction angle and is not likely be separated spatially from zero-order and twin images, it results in the low signal-to-noise (SNR) and image brightness. In this paper, a new two-step method, which involves in filtering in frequency domain and rebuilding of filtered hologram with high contrast, is proposed to process the original digital hologram and improve its optically reconstructed image quality for 3-dimensional dynamic holographic display. The first step is calculating the Fourier transform of original digital hologram, and using a proper window mask as spatial filterer to eliminate the zero-order component in the frequency domain. The second step is calculating the inverse Fourier transform of filtered spectra only containing the object and conjugate components, then rebuilding the filtered hologram with high contrast. Theoretical calculation shows that the optically reconstructed image quality of filtered digital hologram is much better than that of original digital hologram, the merit factors of SNR and image brightness of filtered hologram are all increased by approximately 200%. Then a dynamic digital holographic display system based on DMD is constructed to project the original and filtered digital holograms for comparative investigation, and the experimental results also show that the optically reconstructed image of the filtered digital hologram is visually much clearer and brighter than that of the original digital hologram. The image enhancement method and the dynamic holographic display setup demonstrated in this paper can be expected to find the practical applications in dynamic three-dimensional display, three-dimensional medical imaging, virtual reality, etc. 

Yuan-Zhi Liu Zhongshan (Sun Yat-Sen) university, China Play (9min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

A novel method for fast generating the hologram of the three-dimensional real scene with large scene depth is presented. Analytical form solutions to the electromagnetic field of the hologram plane are given. In the framework of our theory, the object can be encoded in the Fraunhofer form and reconstructed within the Fresnel distance without lens, even it does not satisfy the far-field condition. The analytical theory can avoid using the numerical algorithm- Fast Fourier Transform, which restricts a short depth-of-field scene by the Whittaker-Shannon sampling theorem. In order to accelerate the holographic computation, we employ the GPU instead of the CPU. We found that our analytical algorithm performs tens of times faster than those of CPU.

Xinzhu Sang Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China Play (21min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

With recent advances in computer and video capture technology, holographic films used in classical holography can be replaced with charged-coupled devices (CCD) and complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors to record and numerically reconstruct hologram, which is now known as digital holography. Digital holography introduces something very new to optical science. It eliminates the need for wet chemical processing and other time-consuming procedures, so recording and numerical reconstruction can be done in almost real time. It allows us to characterize the phase of a light field as well the intensity, and so the whole wave field can be measured and stored in a computer. Digital holography is expanding applications of holography and becoming a scientific and technological tool. Now it is increasingly being used for measuring amplitude and the phase of object waves, displacement and 3-D shape, particle distributions and motions, characterization of the refractive index and biological tissues, and vibration analysis etc. Here basic principles of the digital holography for optical measurement and characterization are described. Taking the rapid advance in CCD and CMOS sensors as the background, the state-of-the-art applications of digital holography to optical measurement and characterization are presented, and future prospects are discussed.

Yaotang Li Chinese Academy of Science Play (25min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

The fabric of digital micromirror device (DMD) and its operation are presented. Based on analyzing the electronic circuits and control signals of several types of commercial DLP projectors, the circuits of the projector that relate to warm-up, inter-locked protection, UHP lamp control and testing and color wheel control and detecting are successfully separated. After having simulated these control signals by a digital logic circuit experimentally and applied them to the main control board of the projector, the DMD chip operates normally. The modulating and multi spectrum imaging properties of the modified DMD spatial light modulator are dealt with in details. A compact 4f Fourier transfer system is designed and assembled for multi spectrum coherent image read-out. As a practical use, an experimental setup for holographic stereograms is established using the modified DMD spatial modulator. The created synthetic holographic stereograms have high contrast and low noise. The fabric of digital micromirror device (DMD) and its operation are presented. Based on analyzing the electronic circuits and control signals of several types of commercial DLP projectors, the circuits of the projector that relate to warm-up, inter-locked protection, UHP lamp control and testing and color wheel control and detecting are successfully separated. After having simulated these control signals by a digital logic circuit experimentally and applied them to the main control board of the projector, the DMD chip operates normally. The modulating and multi spectrum imaging properties of the modified DMD spatial light modulator are dealt with in details. A compact 4f Fourier transfer system is designed and assembled for multi spectrum coherent image read-out. As a practical use, an experimental setup for holographic stereograms is established using the modified DMD spatial modulator. The created synthetic holographic stereograms have high contrast and low noise. The fabric of digital micromirror device (DMD) and its operation are presented. Based on analyzing the electronic circuits and control signals of several types of commercial DLP projectors, the circuits of the projector that relate to warm-up, inter-locked protection, UHP lamp control and testing and color wheel control and detecting are successfully separated. After having simulated these control signals by a digital logic circuit experimentally and applied them to the main control board of the projector, the DMD chip operates normally. The modulating and multi spectrum imaging properties of the modified DMD spatial light modulator are dealt with in details. A compact 4f Fourier transfer system is designed and assembled for multi spectrum coherent image read-out. As a practical use, an experimental setup for holographic stereograms is established using the modified DMD spatial modulator. The created synthetic holographic stereograms have high contrast and low noise. The fabric of digital micromirror device (DMD) and its operation are presented. Based on analyzing the electronic circuits and control signals of several types of commercial DLP projectors, the circuits of the projector that relate to warm-up, inter-locked protection, UHP lamp control and testing and color wheel control and detecting are successfully separated. After having simulated these control signals by a digital logic circuit experimentally and applied them to the main control board of the projector, the DMD chip operates normally. The modulating and multi spectrum imaging properties of the modified DMD spatial light modulator are dealt with in details. A compact 4f Fourier transfer system is designed and assembled for multi spectrum coherent image read-out. As a practical use, an experimental setup for holographic stereograms is established using the modified DMD spatial modulator. The created synthetic holographic stereograms have high contrast and low noise. 

Chau-Jern Cheng National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan Play (23min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

This work describes a digital holographic encryption technique based on programmable double key masks configuration. The double key masks are designed and implemented by using electrically addressed liquid crystal spatial light modulators operated at phase modulation mode. The architecture of four-step phase-shifting digital holography is used to generate the double key holograms for implementing the encryption and decryption. Both simulation and experimental results show that the feasibility of the digital holographic encryption system with double key masks in the Fourier or Fresnel domains for performing high-data-security properties and security enhancement. The proposed encryption system with electrically-addressed spatial light modulators provides the flexibility of key mask design by on-line processing.

Mei-Li Hsieh and Hung-Chia Liao National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan Play (12min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

The main advantage of the computer generated hologram (CGH) is that it is easy to design and fabricate the hologram without real objects and optical system. There are few techniques to display the hologram generated by computer, such as the micro-lithographic technique or spatial light modulator. Among these two techniques, the distribution of CGH is fabricated or display in these devices which with pixelated structure. Hence, the uniformity of the reconstructed image is modified by the sinc function due to the pixelated structure of the display devices for the computer generated hologram (CGH). To minimize and compensate the uniformity, we proposed a pre-compensate method for CGH, which is designed using the Iterative Fourier Transformation Algorism (IFTA). In this contribution, the pre-compensated method for binary phase CGH will be presented. Also, the optical properties of the reconstructed image from binary phase CGH with the pre-compensate method will be discussed and compare with the reconstructed images without the pre-compensate method. In addition, the optical reconstructed system will be setup using the spatial light modulator to display the binary phase CGH, and the experimental results will be demonstrated. The uniformity of the reconstructed image with the pre-compensate method will be measured and discussed. 

Joseph W. Goodman Stanford University Play (19min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

In the 1960’s, I was fortunate to participate in the renaissance in holography that was launched in the U.S. by Emmett Leith and Juris Upatnieks. In this paper, I discuss some of our early activities in holography at Stanford. My discussion will cover the following subjects: Long distance holography (1966-69) – holography over a 12 km path; Digital reconstruction of holographic images (1967) – detection of a hologram on a vidicon and reconstruction of the image by computer; and Photon-limited holography (1968) – experiments verifying Gabor’s prediction tha,t under the right conditions, holography can be a more sensitive detection image method than conventional direct detection. These might be considered esoteric subjects, far from display holography. In at least one case, the work turned out to be important. 

Tung H. Jeong Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, USA Play (40min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

Serious popular scientific magazines in recent years are featuring headlines such as “Why we all live in a hologram”(1) and “Are you a hologram?”(2) Are they serious? I have found that because a hologram appeals to the most far reaching of our physical perceptions, a study of it can lead typical students to grasp the concepts in advanced physics such as quantum tunneling, entanglement, and the existence of higher dimensions. Furthermore, young students without prior training in higher mathematics can be induced to appreciate the symmetry between the spatial and temporal domains of information theory in particular, and the elegance and creative power of formal ideas in general. A series of specific physical demonstrations will be presented. Keywords: Holography education, holography pedagogy, demonstrations for advanced physics, display holograms

Karen Harvey HARMAN technology Ltd. Play (34min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

This talk will introduce HARMAN technology Ltd (formerly the silver halide manufacturing division of ILFORD Ltd) to the holographic community and launch its range of holographic products. In detail it will give an historical overview of our involvement in holography, recent results, the current applications of our technology, details of the science behind the product, and look ahead at the future for Holography at HARMAN. Ilford began manufacturing holographic products in the 1970’s with major development work in the mid 1980’s launching a range of plates, film and chemistry. This was discontinued in 1991 due to lack of demand. Recent enquires asking if we would consider producing material again has started up our involvement and now work with several clients on a number of different applications. The science and technology behind the large-scale production of silver halide based holographic material has changed since its inception at ILFORD in the 1970’s. I will show images of the recent silver halide crystals grown by HARMAN and explain some of the difficulties around obtaining an accurate determination of their size. Looking forward, HARMAN are working with Professor Richardson from DeMontfort University England and Havels Sylvania lighting to produce edge lit lighting devices for use in buildings to increase the efficiency of flat screen lights and hence enable a significant reduction in energy use. HARMAN is also ready to launch its own range of plates and samples of images made on the plates will be on show at the conference. Keywords: ILFORD Ltd, Silver Halide crystals, Particle sizing, New product introduction, History, Manufacture, Future application

Ian Lancaster and Glenn P. Wood Reconnaissance International Play (23min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

Gabor’s first hologram was a display hologram (of sorts), and transmission display holograms were the first made following the invention of the laser. It was display holograms that inspired early artist and entrepreneur holographers, with some impressive, striking and still memorable early results. Yet no-one would deny that the subsequent history of display holography has been disappointing. For over two decades display holography has languished as the poor relation: surface-relief holograms have made the running in the commercial field, and institutional research in holography has focused on HOEs and data storage devices. Key players, such as Agfa and then Fuji, have pulled out and display holography courses have closed. Early aspirations and expectations for display holography as an artistic, promotional and illustrational medium have been disappointed. Similarly, the development of full-colour 3D holography progressed only in fits and starts, with early experiments in multi-exposure transmission holograms and pseudo-colour reflection holograms interesting to aficionados but not to illustrators or advertisers. Is this about to change? The last few years have seen renewed activity in the development of true-colour display holograms, both large format and small. Small specialist companies such as UHR, Rabbit Holes, Colour Holographic, Zebra and Geola have pushed forward with techniques for exposure of large format reflection holograms in true colour, while large companies such as Dai Nippon and Sony have made similar strides with small holograms. Once again display holograms catch attention – not just of aficionados but also of hard-nosed commercial clients and the public. But there are challenges still to overcome if display holography can fulfil the hopes and dreams of two generations of holographers. Price in large quantity is critical; so is consistency. And there is competition for the mantle of 3D visual medium from lenticular printing (which has also improved substantially), computerised display systems, projector screens (the best of which use HOEs) and telepresence systems (masquerading as holograms). The foundations of the techniques and technologies for large-scale full-colour display holograms are in place. Can these be built on in the next decade to bring display holography to the point which all its practitioners hope for? In this paper I will expand on the factors that will affect this future.

V. Michael Bove MIT Media Laboratory Cambridge, MA USA Play (27min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

Holographic television, or “holo-video”, has been seen by many as the ultimate development not only of holography but of electronic visual communication generally. To make widespread, successful holo-video, four things are needed: 1) content, 2) a distribution mechanism, 3) sufficient processing at the receiver, and 4) suitable electro-optics at the display, and all of these must be available at prices suitable for consumers. In the past one to two years, there has been a great interest in 3-D television, but few researchers seem to have noted that many of the recent developments in 3-D TV are also solving — or at least pointing the way to solving — problems associated with holo-video. I will examine particularly relevant developments in content capture/creation, content representation (including standardization activities), and the increased suitability of graphics processors for 3-D applications, and connect these with work at the MIT Media Laboratory in developing a holo-video display suitable for consumer use. Keywords: 3-D television, synthetic holography, electro-optics, graphics processors, consumer electronics

Takeshi Yamaguchi Nihon University, Japan Play (18min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

It becomes quite easy to calculate over 10 Giga-pixel computer-generated hologram (CGH) of three-dimensional object, even with a normal personal computer. On the other hand, it is not so easy to output the calculated result as a hologram. The commercial printer does not show the enough parameter which CGH requires. Also, the liquid crystal panel has a few micron pixel pitch, but the number of pixels is only a few mega. Since computer-generated display hologram requires over 100 Giga-pixel, the parameter of liquid crystal panel does not satisfy the demand. The electron beam writer is well known as the good output device for the CGH. However, since the price of the whole system is very expensive and the running cost is also high, it is not suitable for the personal output device of CGH. We have developed a direct fringe printer, which consist of a laser, an X-Y stage and a liquid crystal panel, and the de-magnified image of it is recorded on a holographic plate. Then the plate is translated by the X-Y stage to write next part of the fringe. Since the running cost of the fringe printer is almost holographic plate fee, its price is not so expensive. In this paper, we have made some improvements on our previous system. We achieved to print more than 10 Giga-pixel hologram with 0.44 um pitch. Also, we introduce the various kind of CGH with the fringe printer; Fresnel type, rainbow type, cylindrical type and disk type.

Sumio Nakahara Kansai University, Japan Play (27min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

Recently, the demand to the holographic optical element (HOE) is increasing with the developments in the laser or holographic display technology. In this research, the application of laser direct-write lithography (LDWL) system to the fabrication of HOEs is examined. We created a relative large HOE with same method of production of the diffractive-optical element (DOE) using the LDWL system that has the feature of high-resolution drawing, high-speed drawing, and a high accuracy positioning system. Although it is difficult to draw to a large-sized substrate with electron-beam lithography system, since the LDWL system makes it possible, production of the large HOE is expected. Furthermore, a binary phase-type HOE was easily produced by wet etching processing to the glass substrate, and in order to obtain a bright image, a comparison of the diffraction efficiency of the amplitude-type DOE and the phase-type one was examined on Fresnel zone plate (FZP). The diffraction efficiency is influenced by etching-depth of grating of a phase type hologram. Therefore, we manufactured a phase type HOE of a required grating depth with accuracy using a reactive ion etching (RIE) system.

Jacques Desbiens www.i-jacques.com Play (41min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

The structure of a synthetic hologram is made of thousands of 3D computer graphic images corresponding to as much points of view on a three-dimensional scene. This technology brings back a perspectivist approach to holography. However, the multiple viewpoints of these holograms depart from the fix single point of view of classical perspective. To appreciate the entire space, the observer has to vary its points of view; he has to move, to walk. Holographic panoramagrams are indeed panoramas. In the history of imaging, very few occidental artists have undertaken the representation of space and volume from variable points of view, whereas this approach is widespread in oriental landscape painting. In this paper, we take a look at the history of multiple points of view perspective to seize the particularities of synthetic holography and better understand its place in the historical development of 3D imaging and holography. Searching in the texts of renaissance treatises on perspective and oriental treatises on painting, we can find several indications that the artists of the past centuries where aware of the necessity of representing multiple points of view and attempted to do so. From Jean Pelerin Viator and Kuo Hsi, the concepts of multiple viewpoints in spatial representation have found their way into synthetic holography, to create the necessary conditions for imaging space in its entirety. 

Jingfang Zhang Zhongchao Special Security Technology Co. Ltd., China Play (17min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

The paper is composed of 5 parts. The first one is a brief introduction of China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation (CBPM). Under the direct leadership of People’s Bank of China (China’s central bank) and is in charge of the production of legal tender, CBPM has approximately 30,000 staff and operates 19 enterprises and one state-level technical center which are specialized in banknote printing, minting, banknote paper making, banknote printing and minting machinery, credit cards, high-purity gold and silver refining, printing of value-added tax invoices, securities, bank vouchers, high-level anti-counterfeiting certificates. The Optical Anti-counterfeiting Research Institute is one of 11 institutes in the Technical Center. Optical anti-counterfeiting products such as hologram window thread and patch are manufactured in house by Zhongchao Special Security Technology Co., Ltd., which is one of 19 subsidiaries in CBPM. The second part introduces the application of holograms for Beijing 2008 Olympic Games official licensed products. Window thread and patch are applied to the commemorative banknotes of celebrating Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, patch is applied to the gold and silver badge. New technologies have been applied to these window threads and patch, the anti-counterfeiting features of public levels are easily seen by consumers. The application of hologram in banknotes is introduced in the third part. In 1999, both of window thread and patch were applied to the commemorative banknote of celebrating the 50th anniversary of the foundation of People’s Republic of China, and patch was used in a plastic commemorative banknote for the New Century in 2000. There are hologram-magnetic window threads in the 10 yuan and 5 yuan of the fifth series of Renminbi Yuan issued in 2001 and 2002 respectively, and recently on 100 yuan, 50 yuan, 20 yuan 10 yuan and 5 yuan denominations issued in August 2005. Hologram window threads were used in Macao Banknotes issued in 2003 and 2004 respectively. All patches and window threads applied to these banknotes have anti-counterfeiting features of public professional and expert levels. The fourth part is the introduction of the application of Hologram in bank cards in China. We had supplied security hologram patches for about 10 kinds of bank cards to Agriculture Bank of China China Post Saving Bureau, etc. According to [2001] No.5 document issued by the People’s Bank of China, in order to prevent the risk of counterfeit, the “Yinlian” (namely China Union Pay) hologram patch is manufactured and operated exclusively by certified and designated organization. Zhongchao Credit Card Plant–a subsidiary of CBPM operated the design R&D and production. Some self-developed new technologies have been used on the patch. The fifth part shows the art holograms made in our holography laboratory, including pulse hologram, reflection hologram, and dynamic true color stereogram hologram.

Pawel Stepien Marcin Badenski Polish Holographic Systems, Poland Play (23min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

The eye of a man is perfectly designed by nature, but still it can be deceived. This attribute is the basics of holography, especially useful for making the 3D effects. In traditional rainbow holograms the diffractive pattern is recorded to be visible in white light as 3D image, but with parallax in one direction only. Is it possible to easily create a computer generated pattern which will be visible by the viewer as 3D image with parallax in all directions (like a relief)? Yes, it can be achieved using generalized Fresnel lens to calculate structures then recorded by optical lithography. The Kinemax technology was originally designed for exposing rainbow holograms with best diffraction efficiency. The further development of both optics and software enabled the possibility of using of Kinemax system as optical lithography unit. The essential feature of optical lithography is exposing images directly, with very high resolution. The Fresnel lens is well-know method of imitating thick real lens by the flat pattern, which modulates the phase of light. It is possible to imitate spherical lens, cylindrical lens etc. But it is also possible to make a lot more complicated designs, which will be visible for the viewer as full 3D reliefs, being less than micron thick. The exposed pattern is calculated in the similar way as the pattern of the Fresnel lenses. New Kinemax-Litho system combines generalized Fresnel lens calculation technique with optical lithography recording, allowing to expose very complicated, highly detailed designs. However the designing process is very simple, does not require much of technical or theoretical knowledge. The depth of 3D relief is represented on the design by the level of gray in a 8-bit grayscale bitmap file, in the way similar to the change of colors on the relief map. So the only limitations in preparing the designs is imagination and graphical designing abilities. 

Hiroshi Yoshikawa Nihon University, Japan Play (15min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

Around 1990, researches on the electro-holography or the holographic video display had become very active in Japan. One of the reason might be that fine liquid crystal panels for television became commercially available. Another reason might be that the researchers were encouraged by the success of the holographic video display research at MIT. Recently, researches on holographic video display are getting very active again, though the goal is still challenging. This paper describes recent research activities on the holographic video system in Japan. It includes hologram calculations and acquisitions as well as displays.

Seth Riskin MIT Museum Play (26min) Download: FLV | MOV | mp3

December 5th 2008 the MIT Museum opened an exhibition entitled “Luminous Windows: Holography for the 21st Century”. The event was a milestone for the MIT Museum, as well as for the field of holographic art. The exhibition showcased holography for the purpose of overcoming the material limits and hours of operation of the Museum and presenting a night exhibition of combined artistic and technical achievement that reached into the public space. “Luminous Windows”, that filled the Museum’s outdoor environment with light, color and virtual space through the winter nights, was a great success, drawing thousands of visitors through the four months of its run. Consequently, the MIT Museum has committed to presenting a “Luminous Windows” exhibition annually, with even-number years focused on technical achievements and odd- number years, artistic achievements in display holography. The success of “Luminous Windows” also spurred the development of a biennial, interdisciplinary forum at the leading edges of holography and potential partner fields: “Photons, Neurons and Bits: Holography for the 21st Century”. The event took place during the run of the inaugural “Luminous Windows” exhibition, and tapped into MIT culture of innovation and significant history of contribution to the advancement of holography, from the age of film to the digital age. Intensive, wide-ranging applications of digital technologies provided the general focus, and active and potential areas of holography innovation provided the subject matter for presentations and discussions, e. g., volume holography for biological research, 3-D optical illusions for brain research, 3-D seeing machines?for the sight-impaired. These activities have helped to re-imagine and re-kindle the MIT Museum’s Holography and Spatial Imaging Initiative, and they have served to generate momentum and collective energy and discussion at MIT and beyond. This paper will discuss the development of “Luminous Windows” and “Photons, Neurons and Bits” and the future plans they have generated for the MIT Museum’s support of the advancement of the field and the creation of opportunities for the public engagement with and understanding of holography.